Outcomes
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework has clear, measurable goals and targets, with complete monitoring, reporting, and review arrangements to track progress. It is complemented by a robust resource mobilisation package. It commits the global community to actions to protect and restore nature and remove pollution.
Goals and targets for ambitious action by 2030 and 2050
The Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement includes key global targets to
- Restore 30% degraded ecosystems globally (on land and sea) by 2030
- Conserve and manage 30% areas (terrestrial, inland water, and coastal and marine) by 2030
- Stop the extinction of known species, and by 2050 reduce tenfold the extinction risk and rate of all species
- Reduce risk from pesticides by at least 50% by 2030
- Reduce nutrients lost to the environment by at least 50% by 2030
- Reduce pollution risks and negative impacts of pollution from all sources by 2030 to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystems
- Reduce global footprint of consumption by 2030
- Sustainably manage areas under agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry and substantially increase agroecology and other biodiversity-friendly practices
- Tackle climate change through nature-based solutions
- Reduce the rate of introduction and establishment of invasive alien species by at least 50% by 2030
- Secure the safe, legal and sustainable use and trade of wild species by 2030
- Increase benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources to support biodiversity conservation and its sustainable use
The deal will also significantly increase finance for biodiversity from all sources (domestic, international – both public and private) mobilising at least USD 200 billion per year by 2030. It also addresses subsidies harmful to biodiversity. A new Fund established under the Global Environment Facility will be open to financing from all sources. A new multilateral mechanism to share benefits out of digital sequence information on genetic resources and contribute to mobilize resource was also established.
Next steps
All countries must now implement the framework through domestic and international action.
Before the next COP in 2024, all countries have to prepare updated National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans and National Biodiversity Finance Strategies.
The next COPs will consider if the cumulative impact of the national actions is sufficient to reach the global goals and targets for 2030 and 2050.
In parallel to policy action, countries and multilateral financial institutions will now work to mobilise financing.
EU initiatives at COP15
The EU formed alliances and initiatives to help deliver the Global Biodiversity Framework on the ground. During the conference, the EU
- increased financing for biodiversity from all sources, with a number of Member States and several other countries
- joined key initiatives to help partner countries strengthen capacities and knowledge to deliver the Global Biodiversity Framework
- signed an agreement with Guyana on sustainable trade of legal timber
What’s at stake? Life on Earth as we know it...
Biodiversity is not only about protecting bees and trees. It’s about saving our life support systems. Healthy biodiversity means healthy people, food and water security. Nature is also our best ally in tackling the climate crisis.
Right now, we’re destroying nature faster than ever. If we don’t change track, all of humanity will be put at risk.
1 million species are at risk of extinction
Humans have radically changed ¾ of the Earth’s surface
75% of the world’s crops depend on pollinators
Half of global GDP depends on nature
The Kunming-Montreal biodiversity agreement opens the window of opportunity to secure a healthy future on Earth. This deal does the job on all fronts: it will restore 30% degraded ecosystems on land and sea by 2030 and will conserve 30% of the world’s marine and terrestrial areas. It reduces risks from pollution, targets subsidies harmful to biodiversity, mobilises funds and brings businesses on board by ensuring they take responsibility. And we must remember that without Montreal there will be no Paris, because we need to protect biodiversity to achieve our climate targets. Today’s deal is an all-round win and I am proud we made it. The real work starts now to turn the words on paper into real action around the world.
The EU is leading by example and will double external funding for biodiversity to 7 billion euros.
A comprehensive plan to put Europe’s biodiversity on a path to recovery by 2030
The first ever law to bring to life Europe’s degraded ecosystems
To make sure European consumption does not cause deforestation in other countries
A commitment to plant at least 3 billion additional trees in the EU by 2030
A framework and concrete measures to protect and restore soils, and ensure that they are used sustainably
EU cooperation
The EU cannot solve the current crisis alone – all countries need to join forces. There is high public support for for leaders to take bold action for climate, nature and people.
The EU is working with many partners:
Endorsed by Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, committing to halt and reverse biodiversity loss
The Commission joined this intergovernmental coalition supporting an ambitious framework
EU coalition bringing together over 300 institutions worldwide for an ambitious deal
Biodiversity success stories
