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  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Environment

Find below the User Manual and necessary documents for applying and earning the EU Ecolabel on products under Paints and Varnishes category.

Spain’s freshwater ecosystems must be protected by transformative water strategy
  • Academic journal

Water scarcity is a pressing issue, especially in semi-arid regions such as Spain. This perspective study discusses how human and ecosystem needs are balanced in Spain, where agriculture, tourism, and energy are heavily reliant on ever-scarcer freshwater resources that are vulnerable to drought.

Research reveals bumps in the road to reaching EU’s 100 smart cities goal
  • Academic journal
  • Gabriella Doci

The EU launched its ‘100 Climate Neutral and Smart Cities Mission’ in 2021, urging cities to develop transition plans for climate neutrality. This study assesses its implementation, noting financial and time barriers and finding that adaptive governance and reflexive learning are key to success.