All Environment Publications

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent, bioaccumulative chemicals widely used in industry and consumer products, and now detected across environmental media and human populations. This study assesses the societal costs of PFAS pollution in the European Economic Area (EEA).

The report "Europe’s Environment 2025" contains scientific evidence that climate change and environmental degradation continue to affect Europe’s competitiveness, economy and resilience.

Commission Implementing Decision on the format of the certificate on the inventory of hazardous materials + Annex.

Commission Implementing Decision on the format of the ready for recycling certificate + Annex.

Biodiversity loss requires transformative global governance. This paper examines the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework’s Considerations, showing how their nature-centered, rights-based, and inclusive principles could inform biodiversity policy.

Microplastics threaten marine ecosystems, both in the water column and settled in sediment. This study suggests new ways to include these impacts in product life-cycle assessments, accounting for particle type, size, and shape, and applies the approach in a textile production case study.

Restoring the many ecosystem services provided by grasslands is a global sustainability priority. This study shows that applying multiple grassland restoration treatments at once, rather than individually, restores more grassland ecosystem services with fewer tradeoffs between services.

Organisations restoring nature need access to a plentiful supply of diverse native seeds. In many cases only a small number of native species seeds are available for purchase by restoration projects. This article explores these supply issues and possible solutions for seed businesses.

Multilayer plastic films, used in packaging, are hard to recycle. This study compares six recycling options. The most effective targets each plastic layer with a different solvent. This method reduces climate impacts by about 40% versus landfill, though its gains drop as material quality declines.